Megan

=Megan: Peacekeeping= History
 * Started in 1948 and since then there have been 63 peacekeeping missions in total costing $54 billion
 * No chapter in the UN Charter that specifically talks about peacekeeping
 * Known as “chapter six and a half”
 * Originally, peacekeeping focused on achieving and maintaining ceasefires
 * After the Cold War the peacekeeping missions included military missions
 * Today, peacekeeping in the UN is very broad
 * “helping to build sustainable institutions of governance, to human rights monitoring, to security sector reform, to the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of former combatants.”

Currently
 * There are 17 peacekeeping missions around the world with 90,232 people working
 * India and Pakistan, Cyprus, Lebanon, Western Sahara, Georgia, Kosovo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia and Eritrea, Liberia, Côte d’Ivoire, Haiti, Sudan, Timor-Leste, Central African Republic and Chad
 * There is also an AU/UN mission in Darfur
 * There are 12 “political and peacebuilding” missions with 3,950 people working for these missions
 * Somalia, Guinea-Bissau, Central African Republic, Lebanon, West Africa, Afghanistan, Iraq, Sierra Leone, Burundi, Nepal, Central Asia
 * These missions are much smaller than the peacekeeping missions
 * 118 countries are involved in the peacekeeping missions

Problems/Criticisms Successful Missions
 * Involves intervening, going into another country
 * Many countries have problems with this, their right to sovereignty
 * Security Council has said that peacekeeping forces and missions can only go into another country when what’s going on in that country are harmful to the world
 * Peacekeeping is too short term
 * To really make sure that peacekeeping lasts, peacekeeping forces need to stay in countries for a longer amount of time than they already are
 * [|“Peace building”] is more long term and forces will work with the government to peacefully basically restart their government
 * Funding/Resources
 * Not all countries want to contribute their citizens or their money
 * Sierra Leone and Timor-Leste switched from peacekeeping to peacebuilding
 * UN is very careful about calling a peacekeeping mission "successful"